Hydropneumothorax as an iatrogenic complication after nasogastric intubation.

Casimiro HJ, et al. BMJ Case Rep 2017. doi:10.1136/bcr-2017-221799 Description A 62-year-old woman with history of frontotemporal dementia was admitted to a Psychiatry ward due to severe insomnia. In the morning, after the admission a nasogastric tube was placed to initiate enteral feeding and medication since she was refusing all oral intake. Later that night, she was found unresponsive, dyspnoeic and with severe hypotension. Physical examination identified clinical signs of respiratory distress and decreased vesicular breath sounds on the right hemithorax. The gasometric evaluation revealed the presence of hypoxaemia and lactic acidosis. A posteroanterior chest radiograph showed a right pleural effusion and a misplaced nasogastric tube (figure 1). A thoracic CT scan revealed the presence of a right hydropneumothorax and also identified a tube inside the trachea and the right main bronchus, which perforated the lung parenchyma and ended in the pleural cavity (figure 2). It was assumed an iatrogenic complication after nasogastric intubation. The content obtained after pleural effusion drainage was consistent with food delivered through the nasogastric tube during breakfast and lunch. The patient was submitted to a right segmental lobectomy, with no immediate complications. She has been evaluated for the last 2 years, showing no respiratory symptoms or pulmonary dysfunction. She maintains regular Psychiatry consultations due to her frontotemporal dementia. Nasogastric intubation is associated with iatrogenic complications in up to 8% of the cases. The most common ones are related to the respiratory system. In order to prevent such accidents, the use of auxiliary techniques such as the capnography and endoscopy during nasogastric intubation is recommended.